Lithium has become one of the most critical resources of the energy transition, essential for lithium-ion batteries used in electric vehicles and renewable energy storage. Production is concentrated in Australia and South America, where lithium is extracted from hard rock or brine deposits. As transport electrification accelerates, demand has surged, creating significant price volatility and supply constraints. Lithium markets are increasingly shaped by industrial policy, technological innovation and geopolitics. This metal highlights the strategic importance of securing access to critical raw materials. Read more to explore why lithium is central to the future of mobility and energy, how its supply chain operates, and what risks and opportunities define its rapidly evolving market.